retained earning

The probability of default is positive relevant to cash assets rate which represents liquidity, retained earning rate which represents profitability and total assets turnover rate which represents service efficiency of assets.

企业的违约概率与代表流动性的现金资产比率、与代表盈利性的未分配利润资产比率、与代表资产使用效率的总资产周转率显著负相关。

cost of retain earnings, cost of retain earnings, retained earning cost, retained earning cost,

留存收益资金成本

the information content of retained earning and cash flow is different in different observation time;

不同观察时窗会影响会计盈余和现金流量的信息含量；

The modern capital structure theory shows that a company's financing structure does affect its value, so firms usually raise their finance in pecking order: retained earning refinancing, debt financing, and then external equity financing.

现代资本结构理论表明，公司的融资结构确实影响公司价值，公司的融资顺序应遵循优序融资理论，即留存收益优先，债权融资次之，外部股权融资最后。

Earning net income can increase retained earning.

获取净收益可以增加留存收益。

Transfer of retained earning to staff welfare;

将留存盈余转入工作人员福利；